And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she rose up and exterminated all the royal seed of the house of Judah.
Athaliah sees that her son is dead, and she answers by killing her own grandchildren and seizing David's throne for herself. God had promised David a lasting line of kings, and now almost nothing of that line is left to see.
Athaliah did not appear out of nowhere. She married into Judah's royal family a generation earlier, after king Jehoshaphat tied himself to Ahab of Israel.
Jehoshaphat's prosperity became a snare to him. He had riches and honour in abundance. No doubt his heart was lifted up and he felt secure. Perhaps he said, "I am rich and I need nothing." Then one day he joined himself to Ahab by marriage. Jehoshaphat's son Jehoram married Ahab's wicked daughter Athaliah (21:6). This was a fatal step for Jehoshaphat and the house of Judah.
Writers note how far the damage travelled — one friendship, then a wedding, then bloodshed among the grandchildren.
Association with the world can bring very disastrous results for the families of the saints of God, as is seen here and elsewhere in Scripture.
She killed children of her own family. What could make a grandmother do that?
Athaliah, full of resentment, now sets out on a most cruel plan — the destruction of the royal seed. She was an idolatress, and she hated the word and the purpose of God. Who but she could have done it so well? She seemed to have all power, and she had no conscience. What is more, hatred and bitterness filled her heart against the true God and the house of David, though she was herself a mother of that house. But what will hatred of God not do in reversing every natural affection?
She had no right to the throne she took.
Ahaziah was of the royal line, being the son of Jehoram, the son of Jehoshaphat. But his mother, Athaliah, was not. She was a usurper with no royal rights whatever.
Athaliah wanted a crown. But someone larger was at work through her, and she knew nothing of it.
It was an awful deed, inspired by him who is the murderer from the beginning. And Satan aimed through her at something of which his instrument was ignorant. This deed was one of Satan's many efforts to wipe out the male offspring. His aim was to make the coming One — the promised Saviour, the seed of the woman — impossible. If he had succeeded through Athaliah and destroyed the royal seed of David, the promise made to David would have become impossible.
The same tactic shows up at every point where God was about to act.
Look at the case of Abel, in Genesis 4. What was that but the serpent watching God's vessel and seeking to put it out of the way by death? Look at the case of "the seed royal," in 2 Chronicles 22, the act of Herod in Matthew 2, the death of Christ in Matthew 27. In all these cases you find the enemy seeking, by death, to interrupt the current of divine action.
For six years the future of David's house rested on one hidden baby.
What a picture! Where is David's son? What now of the promise that David should never lack a man to sit upon his throne? Has Satan in fact almost caused that line of kings to be cut off? Has he made the word of God null? How the great enemy would have boasted if he had proved able to bring an everlasting curse where God was controlling all things for better blessing! "He who sits in the heavens laughs." The line from David to Messiah is now thinned to a mere feeble thread. Yet God's promise is as sure and His counsels as firm while the infant Joash is in hiding.
God's reason for sparing the child was not the child.
It was God's mercy to the house of David. The same had been declared in the reign of Athaliah's husband Jehoram: "Yet the Lord would not destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that He had made with David, and as He promised to give a light to him and to his sons for ever" (2 Chronicles 21:7).
Joash hidden in the temple points beyond himself.
"And he was hidden with them in the house of God for six years," just as the Lord Jesus is now taken away from among the wicked people who killed Him. With Joash it was only a murderous intent. But the Lord, as we know, was crucified by the hands of lawless men. Now He is hidden in the house of God. And He will come out from that hiding place as surely as Joash did.
- Alliance: Jehoshaphat's friendship with Ahab led to a marriage. That one fatal step brought Athaliah into David's house and cost the lives of his grandchildren.
- Hatred: She had power and no conscience. Hatred of God's word and God's purpose turned a grandmother against her own grandchildren.
- Enemy: Behind the murderer stood the one who has used death since Abel to cut off the promised Seed.
- Thread: The promise hung on one hidden baby, yet it was as sure as ever. It rested on God's covenant with David, not on anything you could see.
- King: The true heir hid in God's house while a usurper reigned. Christ is hidden now, and He will appear as surely as Joash did.
But Jehoshabeath the daughter of the king took Joash the son of Ahaziah and stole him from among the king's sons that were slain, and put him and his nurse in the bedchamber. So Jehoshabeath, the daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest (for she was the sister of Ahaziah), hid him from Athaliah, so that she did not slay him;
Athaliah killed the royal family and seized the throne. The line from David to the promised King now hung on one baby. This verse tells how he escaped — and it answers a larger question: can a determined enemy break a promise God has made?
One writer sets out the crisis as a series of questions, then answers them:
Athaliah was the daughter of Ahab. She was the granddaughter of Omri, a wicked king of Israel, and of a heathen king, Ethbaal king of the Sidonians. She was the wife of Jehoram, and the idolatrous mother and wicked adviser of her son Ahaziah. When she saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal family and seized the throne — all but one infant, whom his aunt Jehoshabeath hid from the murderous policy of his grandmother. What a picture! Where is David's son? What now of the promise that David should never lack a man to sit on his throne? Has Satan really almost caused that line of kings to be cut off? Has he made the word of God worthless? How the great enemy would have boasted, if he had proved himself able to bring a lasting curse where God was controlling everything for greater blessing! "He who sits in the heavens laughs."
The names in this verse carry meaning, and the child was moved twice:
Jehosheba (Jehovah's oath, that is, devoted to Him), the child's aunt and wife of the high priest Jehoiada (Jehovah known), hid him, with his nurse, first in one of the palace bedrooms, and later in the temple, where she lived, among her own children, and perhaps as one of them. "And he remained with them six years, hidden in the house of God, while Athaliah reigned over the land." This was God's mercy to the house of David. God had already said in Jehoram's reign that He would not destroy David's house, because of the covenant He had made with David and His promise to give him and his sons a lamp for ever (2 Chronicles 21:7).
The phrase "stole him away from among the king's sons" is the hinge. Notice where God's action begins:
Death is the last act of his power; but God is the God of resurrection. Where Satan ends, God begins. He gives life to the dead. At this very moment the hopes of the house of Judah seemed lost. Yet in His faithful love He was watching over the true heir of the throne of David… He was like one raised up from among the dead. It was a resurrection from among the slain ones. All the enemy's malignant efforts, and the cruelty of his instruments, only prove one thing more fully. God's purpose never changes, and His word stands for ever.
(Miller uses an older reading: "from among the king's sons that were slain." The ESV has "who were about to be put to death.")
One writer reads the six years and the seventh as a picture of Christ:
Like Joash, He was doomed to death — yes, He died. But He was raised from the dead and is now hidden in the house of God above, since the heavens have received Him. Joash, the heir of the throne of David, was hidden until the seventh year. In the same way, the true heir to the throne of David is now hidden in the presence of God until the six years are past. (Six is the number of man's day, the present age.) When the seventh year comes — the beginning of the coming age — He will be brought out as Joash was, and be crowned king.
God did not stop Athaliah outright. One writer sees the same way of working when Herod hunted the child Jesus:
Was the Lord Jesus Christ not kept safe in the same way, while He was still a baby, from the ruthless sword of Herod, the usurper who sat on the throne of David? And is it not wonderful that God does not step in with His great power to protect the royal seed? Instead, in His wisdom, He works secretly to preserve him. The time for the display of His great power surely comes. But God can wait patiently, working in secret, while making His counsels known to His saints.
The nurse in this verse is never named:
Six years of obscurity, and no doubt of some danger, marked the service of that devoted unnamed nurse. She is not heard of again, but the results of her service were immense… So we can take heart: acts of loyalty and devotion in our day, however obscure, may, under the Lord's hand, promote His rights beyond anything we imagine.
- Threat. Athaliah killed the royal family and seized the throne. God's promise to David now seemed to hang on one baby.
- Rescue. Jehoshabeath, the child's aunt and the wife of Jehoiada the priest, stole Joash from among those marked for death. Writers read this as a picture of resurrection: where Satan's power ends, God's begins.
- Hiding. The heir stayed hidden six years in the house of God while the usurper ruled — kept there by God's covenant with David.
- Method. God did not answer power with power. He worked in secret and waited — as He did again when Herod hunted the child Jesus.
- Reach. A nurse whose name we never learn helped secure a throne. Small acts of loyalty can carry results far beyond themselves.
and he was with them hid in the house of God six years. And Athaliah reigned over the land.
A murderess sits on David's throne, and the whole line of promise has shrunk to one hidden child in the temple. That raises two questions: why did God hide His king, and what does the hiding mean for us?
Athaliah's killing struck at the promise God made to David. For a moment the promise looked dead.
What a picture! Where is David's son? What about the promise that David would never lack a man to sit on his throne? Has Satan really almost cut off that line of kings? Has he cancelled the word of God? How the great enemy would have boasted, if he had proved himself able to bring an everlasting curse where God was controlling everything for greater blessing! "He who sits in the heavens laughs." The line from David to Messiah is now thinned to one weak thread... yet the promise of God is as sure and His counsels as firm while the infant Joash is in hiding.
One writer traces the same enemy at work all through Scripture:
Look at Abel, in Genesis 4. What was that but the serpent watching the vessel God would use, and seeking to put it out of the way by death? Look at Joseph, in Genesis 37... Look at the royal line, in 2 Chronicles 22, Herod's act in Matthew 2, the death of Christ in Matthew 27. In every case you find the enemy using death to try to stop God's work.
God did not answer Athaliah with thunder. He answered her with a nurse and a back room in the temple.
And is it not wonderful that God does not step in with His great power to protect the royal child? Instead, in His wisdom, He works in secret to keep him safe. The time to display His great power will come, but God can wait patiently, working in secret, while He makes His counsels known to His people.
Writers see this hidden king and reigning queen as a picture of the present hour.
"And he remained with them six years, hidden in the house of God," just as the Lord Jesus is now taken away from among the wicked people who killed Him. It was not only a plan to murder Joash. The Lord, as we know, was crucified by the hands of lawless men, and now He is hidden in the house of God. But He will come out of that hiding place as surely as Joash did.
Some people did know the secret:
But a favoured few did know that the king's son was hidden in the house of God. It was as the Lord said to the disciples: "the world sees me no more, but you see me."... Has the Gospel not come to us so that we may know the joy and power of this secret: Christ is risen from among the dead and hidden in the Father's house?
Note who acts through those years: not the king, but the priest.
When the seventh year came — the full time according to God's ways — "in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself"... He was the priest. The priest stands out while the king is hidden. How true that is now of our Lord. In His own Person He is both the high priest who is acting now and the King He will be later.
Jehoiada and his wife could have moved sooner. They did not.
They had waited patiently through a full cycle of years for the Lord's time to show His anointed. They never grew discouraged, and impatience never pushed them into using human means to make the king's cause win. All those long years they lived in secret with the precious object of their hope... Our Joash is still in the secret place of the sanctuary. Let us learn there, day by day and year by year, to know Him better.
One of the people who hid Joash is never even named.
Six years out of sight, and no doubt of some danger, marked the service of that devoted unnamed nurse. We never hear of her again, but the results of her service were immense... for sixty-nine years a king who did what was right in the sight of the Lord sat on the throne... We may take heart that acts of loyalty and devotion in our day, however unnoticed, may, under the Lord's hand, promote His rights far beyond our thought or understanding.
- Hidden, not lost. The line to Messiah shrank to one infant. God's promise stood as firm in that hiding place as it ever did on Solomon's throne.
- Hidden by design. God chose secrecy over a show of power. That is not weakness but patience that can wait.
- Hidden in the house of God. Commentators read Joash in the temple as a picture of Christ. Men rejected Him, the world cannot see Him now, and He will come out as surely as Joash did.
- Hidden, yet known. A few knew where the true king was. Living by that same secret, while the wrong ruler sits on the throne, is faith today.
- Hidden until the seventh year. The waiting ends on God's schedule. Until then the priest acts, and quiet service — even an unnamed nurse's — carries the outcome.