for Christ indeed has once suffered for sins, [the] just for [the] unjust, that he might bring us to God; being put to death in flesh, but made alive in [the] Spirit,
Read Full Chapter →Commentary for this Verse
Peter has been urging believers not to fear when they suffer for doing good. He then points them to the one death no believer can copy: Christ suffering once for sins, to bring people to God.
Suffering that belongs to Christ alone
Peter points to the cross to mark off a suffering that is Christ's alone.
William KellyThis leads to another important point: if we do suffer, it should never be for sin, and for the moving reason that Christ has once for all suffered for sins. Let that be enough. Christ has suffered for sins; He has had there, if we may say so, a monopoly, and there let it end. Why should we? He alone was competent to suffer for sin. We ought never to suffer except for His name, unless it is for righteousness, as is said here.
The cost of that suffering shapes how a believer treats sin.
Leslie M. GrantOur sins caused the unspeakable agony of the Lord of glory. He suffered that agony to take our sins away completely, and to present us in righteousness before His God and Father. Why then should a believer go back in the smallest degree to what gave Christ His agony?
The weight of "once"
Believers share in suffering, but not in punishment, and the word "once" is why.
C. H. MackintoshThe suffering that fellow heirs share has nothing of punishment in it. It is not suffering from the hand of infinite justice because of sin. The cross fully met all of that, when the divine victim bowed His sacred head under the stroke. "Christ also suffered once for sins," and that "once" was on the tree and nowhere else. He never suffered for sins before, and He never can suffer for sins again.
The just for the unjust
Christ's suffering here is not an example we can follow.
F. B. HoleHis sufferings, as this verse presents them, were in a class by themselves and altogether beyond us. He suffered for sins as a Substitute — the Just for the unjust ones. The actual word substitution does not appear in our English version. But what the word stands for is very clearly in this verse.
The two descriptions also mark a change of position for everyone who believes.
William KellyHe was alone in that one act of suffering supremely at God's hand. It was for unjust or unrighteous men. Sadly, here all were unrighteous, all sinned. Those who by grace benefit through faith would be the first to admit it of themselves. From now on they are righteous, and they live by faith, since it was through faith that they became righteous.
Brought to God
The stated aim of the cross is not a place but a Person, and not a future arrangement but a present one.
C. H. MackintoshHis own testimony assures us that Christ suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, so that He might bring us to God. He does not just bring us to heaven when we die. He brings us to God now. How does He bring us to God? Tied and bound with the chain of our sins? With an unbearable burden of guilt on our souls? No indeed. He brings us to God without spot or stain or charge. He brings us to God in all His own acceptableness.
God's rescue of Israel from Egypt shows the pattern.
F. B. HoleLong ago, God did not shelter Israel in Egypt through the blood of the Passover lamb just to leave them in Egypt. He took them right out of Egypt and brought them to Himself... The great object our blessed Lord set before Himself in dying for us was to introduce us to God, His Father. He sets us before Him in the closest of relationships, and so establishes the happiest communion between our souls and Him. Are we really enjoying this?
Put to death in the flesh, made alive in the Spirit
Commentators differ over the last clause. One reading settles "made alive" by its contrast with death.
F. W. GrantWhat does "made alive" mean in itself? It should be plain that it stands in sharpest contrast with being put to death. Set against death, it means "being brought to life." It cannot carry the sense of "preserved alive," as some would make it; the word is never used that way. And it is the One who was put to death who was made alive. One would say He could only be "made alive" in regard to that in which death had come in. So if He was put to death in flesh, He must be made alive as to what suffered death. In that case there is no question that this speaks of resurrection. It is not the state between death and resurrection, but the resurrection itself.
Both halves of the clause carry gospel weight.
William KellyHis death rolled away the evil before God, and His resurrection proclaimed the victory to faith.
Summary
- Once — the suffering for sins happened on the tree and nowhere else; never before, never again.
- The just for the unjust — substitution in fact, even though the word is absent: the sinless One took the place of the unrighteous, and those who believe are righteous from then on.
- Made alive — the One put to death in the flesh was raised, and His resurrection proclaims the victory to faith.
- To God — the goal is nearness to God now, in Christ's own acceptability, not only heaven later.
- Therefore — since He alone could suffer for sins, our suffering should only ever be for doing good.