Love has long patience, is kind; love is not emulous [of others]; love is not insolent and rash, is not puffed up,
Paul has just said that gifts, knowledge and faith count for nothing without love; now he turns to what love looks like. The verse names two things love does, then a run of things love refuses to do — and the question is why.
The verse does not tell us what love is in the abstract. It shows how love behaves in a world like ours.
Next we come, not to a definition of love, but to its qualities as they appear in this world. They are described for our instruction. Here we see what Christ was on earth: active in love as well as patient under suffering, rising above evil… Patience in the middle of trial is the first mark of love mentioned. Love even shows real kindness instead of holding on to a wish for revenge.
The first mark is staying power. Love outlasts what the commentators call "the flesh" — our natural self left to itself.
"Love is patient." The flesh is always impatient. Love can bear long with others and wait for God's time. The flesh soon runs out of endurance. Love does not wear out.
Patience on its own could still be sullen. Kindness is added because the standard behind the words is God's own dealing with people.
First comes a positive feature. Love is patient and kind. Nothing can surpass the long patience and kindness of God's dealings with rebellious people. God is love. So the more we show the divine nature, the more we will show long patience and kindness — to everyone, and to our brothers and sisters.
The verse spends more words on what love avoids than on what it does. There is a reason for that.
The description is not so much of what love does as of what it does not do. That shows that the heart of love is self-denial and self-forgetting. How easy it is to take up active, demanding service instead of suffering. Yet the first thing mentioned is, "Love is patient and kind." We hate to suffer at the hands of others. We are quick to hit back.
The faults listed are not random. One thread ties them together.
Love has none of the ugly deformities of character and behaviour that come naturally to us in the flesh… (1) Envy of others. (2) Boasting about oneself, or vainglory, or as some translate it, being "insolent and rash." (3) Being puffed up, or swollen with one's own importance… The string that runs right through these eight things is love of self.
Envy is no small weakness. It has a long and dark history.
Love comes from God; envy comes from Satan. Envy was a main part of the first sin, and it drove Cain's murderous hatred of his brother… Envy can find no place in God's presence, though it often waits at the door of the place of worship. Moses was meeker than his helper Joshua, because Moses spoke with God, while Joshua only spoke with Moses. When the disciples argued over who was greatest, they did it behind the Master's back.
Where envy is gone, someone else's gain becomes a joy instead of a wound.
The flesh always wants a place above others. It is jealous when favour or position goes to someone else instead of to self. Love can delight, without a thought of envy, in honours given to another.
Commentators differ on the third phrase. Some translate it "does not boast," others "is not insolent and rash." Either way it names the outward push to be seen. "Puffed up" names the pride inside that feeds it.
Self-importance is the inside version of self-display. Both are foreign to a love that forgets itself. It grows best where people know themselves least, and that is why there was so much of it at Corinth… Love is not like this. Love flows most freely from a heart that truth has first broken and then healed… Its best cure is to turn and look again at Him in the place His love has chosen for our sakes.
Paul uses "puffed up" again and again in this letter.
Four times the apostle speaks of the Corinthian believers as being "puffed up." In 1 Corinthians 4:6 he says they are "puffed up for one against another." In verses 18 and 19 of the same chapter he points to people puffed up in their speech, it seems against the apostle himself. In 1 Corinthians 5:2 he has to rebuke them for being puffed up when they should have mourned over what was going on among them.
These traits appear here and there across Scripture. Only one life held them all together.
Some of the beautiful traits of love have marked God's people in every age. We see the kindness of God in men like Joseph and David. We see unselfishness and meekness in Moses and Paul, and patience and endurance in men like Job… But Jesus showed every feature of love in perfection, blended together and expressed in everything He did.
- Root — Love's patience and kindness start in God's own dealings with rebellious people, and grow in us as far as His nature shows.
- Reach — Our own endurance soon runs out. Love does not wear out, and it waits without turning sour.
- Rival — Envy comes from Satan. It drove Cain, and it set the disciples arguing over who was greatest. Love can delight in honours given to someone else.
- Reputation — Self-display outside and self-importance inside are one disease. The cure is to look again at the place His love chose for our sakes.
- Reflection — Joseph, Moses, Job and Paul each showed a piece of this love. Jesus held all of it in one life.
does not behave in an unseemly manner, does not seek what is its own, is not quickly provoked, does not impute evil,
Paul has just told the Corinthians about a way better than any gift. Here he describes that way by four things love will not do: rude behaviour, self-seeking, a quick temper, and keeping score of wrongs. The writers quoted below use older translations, so their wording of these clauses differs from the ESV.
The problem at Corinth was not a shortage of ability but the use of ability to advertise itself.
Gift is something we may rightly desire. Even so, we can easily abuse gifts. Like the believers at Corinth, we can use them to exalt ourselves. So we are told there is a more excellent way of serving one another.
The first clause is about behaviour that offends decency. It cuts across the assumption that breeding or education produces good manners.
Love "does not behave in an improper way." The flesh can be rude and ill-mannered, even in people high in society. Love will lead the highest by birth, as well as the lowest, to be courteous.
Being outspoken is no excuse either, since love has its own sense of what is fitting.
Sincerity never shows off. Truth has its own sense of what is fitting, and love knows this well and never breaks it. Its boldness is not shamelessness.
The next clause goes to motive. It shows where this love comes from, and what must be true of the heart before it is possible.
"Seeks not her own." But nature does. This single attribute is enough to declare the origin of love. By this the inseparable connection between faith and love can also be clearly seen. The heart must have a satisfying portion of its own in Christ. Without that, this self-forgetting love is impossible. Self-seeking may often show itself in acts that look like works of love. Christ sought neither His own will nor His own glory; but, as the self-sacrificing Shepherd, He both seeks and finds His sheep.
Self and love cannot share one heart.
If a man once makes self the whole of his aim, farewell to loving others or praying for them. Love cannot live in a house as narrow as the self-lover's heart. Indeed it is the opposite of it: "Love seeks not her own."
The test comes in small everyday moments.
Love "is not easily provoked." It is not touchy. Love will put the best construction on what is questionable. For instance, you meet a brother in the Lord in the street. He takes no notice. Love would not take offence at what looked like a snub. It would believe that the brother had not seen you, and would not have acted that way if he had.
Love still feels anger at wrong. A short fuse is a different thing.
"Is not easily provoked." Love knows how hard its work is, and it expects both difficulties and obstacles. But its labour is not for itself, so personal disappointment does not ruffle it. Just indignation may go well with love; irritability does not. Jesus could feel the former on occasion, the latter never.
The last clause is often read as though love never has an evil thought. Kelly ties it instead to a real wrong that someone has done.
"Thinks no evil" does not quite express the clause. It means not keeping the evil in the mind and on the tongue. Here it is an actual evil done. It would breed resentment if love were not there — love, which is always above evil, always free and always holy.
Read that way, the clause is a daily one, and it does not ask us to pretend sin is not sin.
"Does not impute evil," for its business is to hide sins rather than expose them. God in His righteousness did not do this to us, so we who are sinners should not do it to one another. And this virtue will never sit idle for lack of opportunity. Not a day can pass without some call on it. Besides the many real offences, there are unclear cases that constantly tempt us to criticise. But where a choice is possible, love chooses the favourable side. It does not shut its eyes to sin, but openly rebukes it as God's witness, while freely forgiving all that is against itself.
- Gift — Corinth used real gifts to show itself off. Love is better than any ability.
- Manners — self shows first in behaviour. Rank and education do not cure rudeness; love does.
- Motive — self shows next in aim; a heart that has no satisfying portion in Christ cannot stop seeking its own.
- Temper — self shows in reaction; love is not touchy because it was never working for itself. Indignation at wrong is another matter.
- Mind — self shows last in the score we keep against others. Love hides sins instead of exposing them, and forgives all that is against itself.
does not rejoice at iniquity but rejoices with the truth,
This chapter has been listing what love refuses to do. Here it names what love enjoys. Two delights stand side by side: pleasure in wrongdoing and pleasure in truth. Which one does your heart run to when you hear news about someone else?
Delight in wrongdoing rarely looks like delight. It can wear the face of moral outrage.
The religious teachers and Pharisees in John chapter 8 were very moral, religious people. They were shocked when they found this poor woman caught in open sin, and very angry with her. Justice and the law of Moses, they thought, demanded that she be made an example of — it was not right that such a sinner should live. It comforts and quiets the corrupt heart of man if he can only find a person worse than himself. He thinks that another's greater sin excuses his own; and while he accuses and fiercely blames another, he forgets his own evil. In this way he rejoices in iniquity.
Love is not neutral about sin — it grieves. But it refuses the work of hunting sin out in other people.
Love does no wrong to its neighbour, so it cannot rejoice in what goes against its own nature. Being itself the child of goodness, it can only grieve when evil acts and prospers. Its only interest in wrongdoing is to help and befriend its victims. What hate hunts out, love will not see. It waits for no one to stumble, and twists no one's words. It does not say, "That is just how we wanted it," when the righteous fall.
This verse bites hardest in ordinary conversation. One writer puts the weight on the person who listens, not only on the person who talks.
Someone hears a report. It seems true, so they pass it on. Yet if anyone had taken the trouble to check it, they might have found it false. Christians above all should be careful here. Refuse every report that harms another person's name, unless proof you cannot doubt stands behind it. So the responsibility falls on the hearer as well as on the person who repeats the report. If people remembered this, they would stop many a slander at the start, expose many a gossip, and prevent many a break in fellowship. The cure is that love which thinks no evil, takes no pleasure in wrongdoing, and rejoices with the truth.
The margin reading noted below is the wording the ESV now uses. So what does rejoicing with the truth look like in practice?
"Rejoicing with the truth," as the margin reads. It is in the truth, no doubt. The truth is there, and I rejoice with it and take delight in it. Suppose the truth is being preached; my heart goes with it and is delighted.
Affection can be warm and still be careless about what is true. Real love will not buy peace at that price.
God's love in His people must either droop or rejoice along with the truth. That truth gave this love its life, and truth is its proper voice. Natural affection may use flattery, and often shows a practical indifference to truth. But love that is real hates both of these things. Its delight is in God, and therefore in the truth.
Love and softness are not the same thing. Where truth is attacked, love has an edge.
It is one of the marks of divine love that it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Divine love does not always say smooth things. It is always angry, and rightly so, when people trample truth in the dust and lift error up.
Where does the appetite for evil come from? One writer names it — "the flesh," our sinful nature.
Love "rejoices with the truth." The flesh is unholy and can find pleasure in being occupied with evil. Love is holy and finds its joy in being occupied with the truth. So love is not blind, for it knows and values the truth.
- Two delights. Love shows what it is by what pleases it. Wrongdoing gives it no pleasure. Truth does.
- The hidden motive. Enjoying another's sin is self-defence. A worse sinner makes me feel excused, and while I blame him I forget my own evil.
- The daily test. Passing on a story you have not checked is where this verse bites. The hearer carries responsibility, not just the talker.
- Not flattery. Warm feeling that flatters and stays quiet about truth is natural fondness, not love. Love delights in God, and so in the truth.
- Not blindness. Love's joy is tied to truth, so it sees evil clearly and can speak sharply. It just refuses to enjoy the evil it sees.
bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
Paul has just listed what love does not do, and verse 7 turns to four things love does, each stretched to "all things." Commentators ask how far that "all" reaches: is love simply gullible, or do these four clauses give a believer strength to carry through real evil?
The verse changes direction. Every clause before it hangs on the word "not." Every clause here hangs on the word "all."
The negative qualities show the patient endurance of love. Notice the word 'not'. The positive ones show love in action, and that action leaves nothing out. Notice the word 'all'.
One writer sees these last four as the supply that keeps a believer standing where the world is against him: "The last four qualities set forth the positive energy of love, whereby its possessor is sustained in the middle of a hostile world."
The first clause sets love against how little we put up with before we react.
Love "bears all things". Our natural self can bear very little without showing resentment. Love can bear all things, and often in silence.
The word also means to cover. That shapes what love does with what it knows about others.
Love bears, or covers, all things. Of course it never approves of wrong. But it takes no pleasure in spreading news of what other people have done wrong.
Believing all things is the opposite of a suspicious mind. One writer traces it back to the way the Lord Jesus lived among people.
"Believes all things" is not being suspicious. Love is quick to believe. It "hopes all things." It wishes no harm and does not think about evil. Evil tends to depress the soul, but God is above all that... Christ was here in the world with no suspicion in His mind. That is the spirit we should walk in. If you are always suspecting people, who will trust you?
Hope takes over where belief runs out of evidence. One writer applies it to the reports we hear about other people.
Love is not irritable or resentful. Love believes all things — not the evil things, but the good ones. Where it cannot believe all the good it would like, it at least hopes all things. It hopes the good report is true and the bad one false.
The four "alls" do not mean love believes anything anyone says. Commentators read them as limited by what Paul is writing about.
Love believes all the truth it can find. It hopes that whatever is missing will be supplied in time. Meanwhile it puts up with every lack. Clearly the phrase "all things," repeated four times, must be read within its context. Someone who believed "all things" without limit would end up in a swamp of uncertainty and deception.
Covering sin is not the same as ignoring it: "love does not necessarily expose sins, or gloat over the failure of others. If possible, love will deal with sins privately, so that they do not needlessly become public."
The last clause grows out of the one before it. Where hope dies, staying power dies with it.
Love "endures all things". The flesh, assuming the worst, has no hope, and when hope is gone there is no power to endure. Love hopes all things, and that hope gives strength to endure when opposition and discouragement come.
What love endures includes hostility from outside. The strength for it comes from God, not from a rosy view of people.
So love bears every annoyance. It believes all the good it can. It hopes for everything, even when evil is plain to see right now. It endures all things, whether persecution or suffering, knowing this is what we are here for. Seeing God in Christ lifts the heart above the crushing power of evil, and above suspicion too.
The description is not an ideal without an example. One Man has already lived out every clause.
Everything this wonderful chapter says love does, we have seen fully displayed in the Son of God. He bore all things and endured all. He put up with the weaknesses and failures of His disciples. He endured the hostility of sinners against Himself.
- Bears — love carries what our natural self cannot carry, often in silence, and takes no pleasure in making another person's failure public.
- Believes — it drops suspicion and believes the good, walking through the world in the spirit Christ Himself showed.
- Hopes — where the good cannot yet be believed, love still hopes the kind report is true and the ugly one false.
- Endures — hope supplies the staying power. Lose hope of good, and endurance under opposition collapses with it.
- All things — the four "alls" do not mean love believes anything, and they never excuse wrongdoing. They were displayed in full in the Son of God, who bore with His disciples and endured the hostility of sinners.
Love never fails; but whether prophecies, they shall be done away; or tongues, they shall cease; or knowledge, it shall be done away.
The verse just before this described what love does and does not do. Here love stands beside three spiritual gifts — prophecy, tongues, and knowledge — and only love lasts.
Commentators trace love's permanence back to its source. It lasts because of what it is, not because of how well anyone uses it.
"Love never fails." It cannot fail or stop. It is the very life of God. Those born of Him will live that life for ever in His presence, once everything holding it back is gone. It is a nature, not a gift — except that life itself is the gift of Him who is the life-giving Spirit. But special gifts and displays of the Spirit must cease with the occasion that called them forth.
The three things listed are not faulty. They simply match a situation that will not last.
Prophecies and knowledge will end. Tongues will stop. But love lasts. They suit the time we live in now. They are only partial. They do not fit the perfect state, where no evil exists and love is fully at work. Love belongs in glory. Partial, passing helps end when glory comes.
Prophecy answers a need. Remove the need, and the gift has nothing left to do.
Verses 8 to 13 now deal with love's permanence. It never fails. So it stands in contrast to prophecies, tongues, and knowledge. Prophecy is only for a condition in which people need building up, encouragement, and comfort. Even in the millennium, prophecy will no longer be necessary (Zech. 13:2-5).
Writers link the many languages of earth back to Babel. There God stopped one united human project by confusing their speech.
Tongues attract the worldly mind of fallen human nature. But they will stop. In the new creation, when all things have become new, there will be only one language. Tongues are a reminder of the pride of man, when he set out to build a city and a tower with its top reaching to heaven. But God stepped in and broke the power of man… by confusing their language, giving them tongues to weaken them.
Another writer draws the same line, adding what replaces the confusion: the differences between languages mark how far the nations stand from God, and "in heaven there are many voices, but one speech."
The hardest of the three to accept is that knowledge will pass. Writers explain that what disappears is not truth, but the partial way we hold it now.
Knowledge, or the partial knowledge that we have at the present time, will be done away. The knowledge we have now is not full knowledge. It is something we keep adding to. That alone proves how much we do not know. However much we take in of the truth here, it always stays knowledge "in part".
One writer pictures the change: our knowing and prophesying fade when perfection comes "just as the moon fails and vanishes away in the light of the sun."
The gifts that shine are the ones that pass. So what we prize shows where we stand.
The contrast is between the most shining gifts, which pass, and the lasting marks of divine life in believers. The more we live by our old nature, the more mere gifts dazzle us. The more we live by the Spirit, the more we value faith, hope, and love.
The one thing that lasts is not handed out to some and withheld from others. So this verse reaches the believer with no gift at all.
You say, I have no gift. Possibly so, but you can love. Every Christian can do that. And it is worth more than the brightest gift. Love is the nature of God. It seeks the good of others, and thinks of everybody but itself. What chapter 13 says of love is the divine nature showing itself again. It is the life of Jesus, and love abides for ever.
- Nature. Love does not fail because it is not a gift handed out but the very life of God in those born of Him.
- Prophecy. It serves souls who need building up and comfort; when that need is gone, the gift is finished.
- Tongues. Many languages mark a scattered race; they stop when the reason for the scattering stops.
- Knowledge. We know only "in part," which shows how little we know. That partial knowing ends when the full comes.
- Love. Everything fitted to the present state passes; love fits glory — so a believer with no gift already holds the one thing that lasts.