For [the] eater and drinker eats and drinks judgment to himself, not distinguishing the body.
In the verse before, Paul warns that eating or drinking in an unworthy way makes a person guilty concerning the body and blood of the Lord. Here he names that unworthiness — a failure to discern the body — and that raises two questions: what judgment does he mean, and what is the "body"?
Older English versions translated the word here as "damnation." That one choice has frightened believers away from the table for generations. Commentators say plainly that the word means something else.
The translators have brought in a word and an idea of their own, and it is plainly wrong. They dared to say that "the one who eats and drinks unworthily eats and drinks damnation to himself." It is not true. God says, "he eats and drinks judgment to himself."
The "body" here is not the church. It is what the bread stands for: the Lord's own body given in death. To discern it is to tell this meal apart from any other.
"Discerning the body" has no reference to grasping the church's unity or nature. It means only distinguishing between an ordinary meal and that supper which brings before us the body of Christ given for us. It is the memorial of His death that the apostle presses here, not our union with Him. Not to discern the (Lord's) body is to treat this supper as a common thing.
Discerning is not a mental exercise about symbols. It is faith feeding on a Person.
I discern then the body of the Lord — but the body of the Lord given, His blood shed, His death! It is not an ordinary meal, or a simple act of remembrance, if you like. It is an institution Christ has given to His own. They are not meant to find in the elements anything other than the bread and the fruit of the vine. But their faith may feed on Jesus in the sweetest way, by the power of the Holy Spirit — on what He has been for them when He died on the cross.
Many read this verse as a test of personal fitness and conclude they are disqualified.
People usually apply the word "unworthily" here to the persons doing the act, when it refers to the way the act is done. The apostle never doubted that the Corinthians were Christians. He looked on them as saints, and as saints he urged them to keep the Lord's Supper in a worthy manner. He never raises the question of anyone but true Christians being there.
The remedy Paul gives is to examine yourself and then eat.
This does not mean that when I am sitting at the Lord's table I am to look into my own heart, which would be a poor, wretched occupation. I can do that at home. A person ought to examine or prove himself. It means judging himself about what he has done and what he is capable of doing… So, "let a person examine himself" — and not stay away, but come and eat of this bread and drink of this cup.
Careless remembering on Sunday grows out of what filled the heart during the week.
What we are during the week we will be while at the Lord's table. What our heart has been occupied with throughout the past six days it will also be occupied with on the first day of the week while at His table. If we have been careless and indifferent toward the Lord during the week, we are bound to be careless and indifferent toward Him at His table. We will fail to discern His body and His blood in the true sense in the emblems of the Supper. So we will eat and drink judgment to ourselves.
At Corinth this judgment had already begun.
There were many weak and sick among them, and a good many had died. So the judgment of the Lord had to be on them — not because they were not His own, but because they were. As the apostle says, when we are judged in this way we are disciplined by the Lord, so that we may not be condemned along with the world. He draws the sharpest line between this present judgment and the judgment to come. Yet this present judgment is a most serious and awful thing. Love inflicts it — a love which, because it is holy and because it is love, must inflict what is painful to inflict.
- Judgment. The word is judgment, not damnation. It is the Lord dealing with His own now, not the sentence that falls on the world.
- Discern. To discern the body is to tell this bread apart from common food, seeing in it the Lord's body given in death.
- Manner. The unworthiness lies in how a believer eats, not in whether he is good enough to eat.
- Examine. Judge yourself first, and the Lord need not judge you. This test sends you to the table, not away from it.
- Chastening. Where self-judgment is missing, love steps in to correct, so that His people are not condemned with the world.
On this account many among you [are] weak and infirm, and a good many are fallen asleep.
Paul has just described a Lord's Supper at Corinth taken in an unworthy manner. Now he points to the result sitting in front of the church: weakness, illness and death. The verse raises a hard question. Can God lay His hand on His own children over the way they come to His table?
Paul's link is not vague. He traces the sickness back to one failure at the table: treating the memorial as an ordinary meal.
Suppose the true and holy aim of the Lord's supper is treated lightly. Suppose the one taking part does not discern the body — that is, he does not tell the difference between the memorial of Christ and an ordinary meal. Here the Spirit teaches us that such a person eats and drinks judgment as a present thing. He brings on himself the chastening hand of the Lord, in defence of His honour and His love. If people saw the evil at work inside them, they would avoid not only its outbreak in their conduct, but His chastening too.
One principle stands behind the verse. God rules His own household now, and He deals with what goes on in it.
Many had become sick and weak, and many had fallen asleep, that is, had died. The issue is not whether a person is worthy to take part, but that he takes part in an unworthy way. Every Christian was worthy to take part simply because he was a Christian, unless some sin had shut him out. But a Christian might come to it without judging himself... It is the government of God in the hands of the Lord who judges His own house: an important and too much forgotten truth.
Some have argued that the weak and sick people here were not the ones under discipline. One writer answers that claim.
These persons had failed to judge themselves, failed to discern the Lord's body in the broken bread. They had eaten in an unworthy manner, though they were true Christians. So God, ruling His own house, had to chasten them with sickness, even to death. That way they would not be condemned with the world... surely no father would think of chastening a good child for the sin of a bad one.
Paul's choice of word matters. He does not say these people perished; he says they fell asleep — and that word carries its own verdict about where they went.
The word "sleep" is used of death only when a believer is meant. The whole passage tells us that those who were put to sleep in Jesus were believers. The point was this: they were taken to heaven because they were accepted. They were taken from earth because they were NOT acceptable.
A question naturally follows. Is there one particular sin behind these deaths?
Sometimes perplexed souls ask, "What is the particular sin that leads to death?" No particular sin at all. Two believers may go wrong in the same way. Yet the Lord weighs all the circumstances. He may lay one on a sick bed and take the other out of the world. There is no question of the salvation of the soul in these dealings; it is divine chastening.
This verse must not become a rule for reading every sickbed. Scripture shows God using affliction for more than one purpose.
In the light of the New Testament, chastening may be sent for retribution, as we see in 1 Corinthians 11:30. But it may not be. Look at Paul's case — 2 Corinthians 12:7. There the thorn in the flesh was preventive, to keep him from becoming proud and falling. Yet again, it may be neither retributive nor preventive but educational, as Hebrews 12 shows.
- Cause. One thing lay behind the weakness, illness and deaths at Corinth. Believers took the memorial of Christ as an ordinary meal, without judging themselves.
- Hand. What follows is not vengeance. It is God's government of His own house, the Lord judging His household now — a truth writers call important and too easily forgotten.
- Home. "Sleep" is the word used only of believers. They were accepted in Christ, so they went to heaven. The Lord took them from earth because their lives were not acceptable.
- Escape. The chastening aims at rescue, not ruin. It falls on real Christians so they will not be condemned with the world. Judging yourself is the way to avoid it.
- Caution. Not every sickness is a rebuke. Suffering may correct, prevent, or teach — and the Lord may answer the same failure in two believers in two ways.
But if we judged ourselves, so were we not judged.
Many in Corinth were weak, ill, and dying, and Paul traced it to coming to the Lord's Supper without discerning the Lord's body. Verse 31 gives the way out: a judgment we can carry out on ourselves that makes the Lord's judgment unnecessary.
The verb Paul uses is not the ordinary word for passing sentence. It is the same word he used two verses earlier, for discerning the Lord's body.
To "judge" oneself is not the same word as to be "judged" by the Lord. It is the same word used in 1 Corinthians 11:29, "discerning the Lord's body." So our task is not only to judge an evil we have committed. It is to discern our condition, as the light shows it up — and God Himself is in the light — while we walk in that light. This prevents our falling into evil in act or in thought.
A person can admit a wrong act and still leave untouched the state of heart that produced it. That is why the same failure returns.
To judge the open sin is easy. It gives me no assurance at all that I will avoid it in future, and no sign in itself of recovered spirituality. "But if we judged ourselves truly, we would not be judged." To judge our sins and to judge ourselves are two different things. To judge ourselves, we must have distinguished and judged the state that the sins only come out of. That state is the root. Leave it in place, and fresh fruit will surely grow.
Another writer describes what Christian judging actually looks for.
We never get right by only judging this or that outbreak; we should always search out the cause... Judging ourselves does not mean pronouncing judgment on one particular fault. It means judging the real cause, and not just the occasions. That is the Christian way of judging. It does not deal with the surface, but with what lies underneath: the roots we can hardly see behind the acts that anyone can see.
The "judged" of this verse is not hell. It is the Lord's present hand on His own, and He has a purpose in it.
If they discerned the evil at work inside them, they would avoid not only its outward appearance, but His chastening too. If they fail to judge themselves, He does not fail in watchful care, and He deals with them. Even that judgment flows from His love. It takes the shape of chastening, so that they may not perish in the condemnation still to fall on the guilty world. The Lord's express aim in sending these bodily sufferings now is that His failing saints may escape damnation.
Self-examination here is not a check on whether you belong to God.
The people of Israel were not examining themselves to see whether they were Israelites, since that was their birth condition. Nor do we examine ourselves to discover whether we are children of God. That was settled forever when we were born of God by faith in Christ Jesus. But an Israelite who had touched something defiling carried uncleanness on him. He had to be cleansed from it and made clean before he ate of the peace offering. In the same way, we have to be clean when we come to the Lord's table.
Self-judgment goes wrong the moment it becomes a comparison with other people.
First of all, we should judge ourselves. Self-judgment is not comparing ourselves with even the most godly believer we know. It is comparing ourselves with Christ. And if we really do that, we will have no wish to judge where we should not.
The practice leaves a visible mark, and so does its absence.
In our experience, Christians who are hard on their fellow Christians are the ones who do not judge themselves in their own lives. Those who are tender and gracious, and yet faithful, are the ones who truly judge themselves in God's presence.
- Discern — the word behind "judge ourselves" is the word for discerning the Lord's body. It means seeing our own condition in the light, not just admitting a fault.
- Deeper — judging sins and judging self are two different things. Leave the root state in place, and the same fruit grows again.
- Escape — seeing the evil inside spares us the outward failure. It also spares us the Lord's chastening hand, which fell on Corinth in weakness, sickness and death.
- Love — refuse this, and what comes is still not condemnation but the Lord's chastening. Its aim is that we do not share the world's condemnation.
- Measure — the standard is Christ, not the godliest person we know. Those who use it on themselves turn out to be the gentlest with everyone else.
But being judged, we are disciplined of [the] Lord, that we may not be condemned with the world.
Sickness and even death had come among the Corinthians because they treated the Lord's supper carelessly. This verse explains what that severe dealing meant — and what it did not mean.
At Corinth a holy remembrance had become an ordinary, self-indulgent meal. Where these writers say "chastened," the ESV says "disciplined."
They took the Lord's supper as if it were a common meal, and the poor had not enough to eat, while the rich indulged in gluttony and wine. As a result many were sick and even "slept," that is, died. But all this was present chastening in this world. Paul says, "But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined so that we may not be condemned along with the world." God chastened the Corinthians for their faults, but did not condemn them with the world as unbelievers.
Paul uses two different words here, and the difference is everything. Older English versions rendered the first one, in verse 29, as "damnation."
In 1 Corinthians 11:27-32 we learn the security of grace on one side, and on the other the Lord's dealing with the inconsistent ways of those who are His. Even godly men, despite their ability and learning, have missed this truth. Their ignorance shows in the mistranslation of a word that is all-important for the true sense. It is not "damnation" but "judgment" in verse 29, expressly contrasted with "condemnation" in verse 32. The Lord was then judging the faulty state and walk of the Corinthian believers by sickness and even death. His purpose was that they should not be condemned along with the world, because they were His and were to be kept from "damnation." He judged them in this present, earthly way for the blessing of their souls.
So what should we call God's hand when it falls on His own child?
We do not like the term "punishment" as applied to the dealings of our loving Father. There is nothing penal, in the strict sense of the word, even in His wise and faithful correction. Christ our blessed Substitute exhausted on our behalf all that was penal. God chastens His children to make them partakers of His holiness, as we learn in Hebrews 12. The Father also judges His house, as we read in 1 Peter 4:17. So sickness and death came on many at Corinth for their disorderly conduct at the Lord's table — but so they might "not be condemned along with the world."
If a believer's place in heaven is settled, why would God take him out of the world?
1 Corinthians 11:32 is a beautiful verse. It means that God is determined to preserve His grace to us. His government will not shrink from taking a believer off this earth, through judgment, if need be. Through the work of Christ, the believer is always fit for heaven. But through his own bad conduct as a Christian, he may not be fit for earth. If we judge ourselves, God will not judge us. But if we refuse to judge ourselves, God will chasten us, so that we may answer to practical sanctification.
Another writer pictures this care as a shepherd going after straying sheep.
If God has a people, He will not only save them, but will also make them partakers of His holiness. Sheep carelessly tended stray, and must be sought... He deals with us according to our state, but on the basis of His own effectual work of redemption. We are not of the world, because His death and resurrection delivered us from it. If we conform to it, or seek its things too eagerly, He will treat us now according to our ways... Meanwhile the world is already under condemnation. God leaves it to run on in its evil course until the measure of its wrongdoing is full.
Self-judgment is the way out. But how should a Christian read his own sickness and trouble?
I do not doubt that much of the sickness and trouble Christians face is chastening sent by God. It comes because of things that are evil in His sight — things the conscience ought to have noticed but neglected. So God has to produce in us the effect that self-judgment ought to have produced before Him. It would, however, be untrue to suppose that all afflictions are chastenings. Though they are so sometimes, they are not always sent because of sin.
- Cause. Careless conduct at the Lord's table brought sickness and death on believers at Corinth. It was God's dealing with them here and now, not a verdict on their souls.
- Contrast. "Judged" and "condemned" are two different words. The old rendering "damnation" in verse 29 destroys the sense Paul is drawing.
- Character. No penalty is left for the believer, because Christ exhausted it. What is left is a Father's correction, aimed at holiness.
- Care. The Shepherd deals with us according to our state, but on the basis of His finished redemption. He will even take a believer off the earth, so that he is not condemned along with the world.
- Cure. Self-judgment heads off the rod. But not every trouble is chastening, so do not read sin behind every trial.